book: "Make It Stick" ==

Make It Stick by by Peter Brown, Henry Roediger & Mark McDaniel
- Brian Johnson's PhilosophersNotes

1. Fluency (memorizing) vs Mastery (understanding)
2. Active Retrieval (quiz yourself)
3. Interleave (mix)
4. Elaboration (write in your own words, "explain as I am 5 year old")
5. Think you can ("mindset" growth vs fixed)

Make It Stick - The Book



Peter C. Brown: Make It Stick on Vimeo
3 big ideas, counter-intuitive:

1. "retrieval practice": easier to learn by trying to get knowledge or skill it out of the brain (retrieve to apply) than to put in the brain (save, remember)
   it takes time for information to go from short term memory to long term memory
   consolidation, connection to what you already know
   
   to remember something, need to retrieve from memory periodically
   "every time you recall memory you change the memory" (it is re-consolidated)
2. "desirable difficulties": certain difficulties (that can be overcome)
   slow learning down but make it better
• spacing out practice (much more powerful than re-reading)
• mixing up practice of multiple things in a random fashion
• elaboration: take and idea, put it in your own words, visualize
• "generation": try to solve problem before being thought how to solve problem, struggle, and then get shown the solution, then learn it better
3. "mental effort builds mental ability"
• 10000 hour rule: experts spend great deal of time studding with complex material in particular area 
• mental effort builds connections in the brain ("mental models")

Great learning advice from Make it Stick: The Science of Successful Learning - YouTube

Interview: Make It Stick with Peter Brown - YouTube

• learning happens when you getting info out, not getting it in
• some difficulties make learning deeper and longer lasting
• "mental effort builds mental abilities," "growth mindset" is highly motivating