Azure Storage Encryption

Client-Side Encryption with .NET for Microsoft Azure Storage | Microsoft Azure

"The Azure Storage Client Library for .NET supports encrypting data within client applications before uploading to Azure Storage, and decrypting data while downloading to the client. The library also supports integration with Azure Key Vault for storage account key management."

Transparent Data Encryption with Azure SQL Database

"Azure SQL Database transparent data encryption helps protect against the threat of malicious activity by performing real-time encryption and decryption of the database, associated backups, and transaction log files at rest without requiring changes to the application.
TDE encrypts the storage of an entire database by using a symmetric key called the database encryption key. In SQL Database the database encryption key is protected by a built-in server certificate. The built-in server certificate is unique for each SQL Database server."

Azure Disk Encryption for Linux and Windows Virtual Machines-Public Preview Now Available - Microsoft Azure Security - Site Home - MSDN Blogs

some older info:

Client-Side Encryption for Microsoft Azure Storage – Preview - Microsoft Azure Storage Team Blog - Site Home - MSDN Blogs

Cloud Security - Crypto Services and Data Security in Microsoft Azure